PHILOSOPHY : Paper – I :
Problems of Philosophy (European and Indian)
1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas, Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.
2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz) : Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Determinism and Freedom.
3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.
4. Kant : Possibility of Synthetic a priori judgments; Space and Time; Categories.
5. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Common sense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Picture Theory of Meaning.
6. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics.
7. Cârvâka : Theory of Knowledge; Metaphysics and Ethics.
8. Jainism : Anekântavâda,; Saptabhanginaya.
9. Buddhism : Four Noble Truths; Pratîtyasamutpâda, Kşaņikavâda, Nairâtmyavâda.
10. Nyâya – Vaiśesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Pramâna; Self; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.
11. Sâmkhya : Prakŗti; Puruşa; Causation; Theory of Evolution.
12. Yoga : Citta; Cittavŗtti.
13. Mîmâmsâ : Epistemology; Theory of Validity.
14. Vedânta : Views of Śamkara and Râmânuja on Brahman; Îśvara; Âtman; Jîva; Jagat; Mâyâ; Avidyâ; Adhyâsa.
15. Swâmi Vivekânanda : Practical Vedânta.
16. Sri Aurobindo : Evolution; Involution; Integral Yoga.
17. Rabindranath Tagore: Nature of Man; Surplus in Man.
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PHILOSOPHY : Paper – II :
Socio – Political Philosophy and Psychology
1. Social and Political Ideals : Equality, Justice, Liberty: Views of Mill, Locke, Rawls.
2. Individual and State : Rights, Duties and Accountability.
3. Political Ideologies : Anarchism, Marxism, Socialism and Democracy.
4. Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism.
5. Social Change : Gandhi, Ambedkar.
6. Mind – Body Problem : Dualism, Philosophical Behaviourism, Person Theory of Strawson.
7. Levels of Mind; Proofs for the existence of the unconscious; Freud‘s theory of dream, citta, cittavŗtti (Yoga). Ethics and Philosophy of Religion
8. Standards of Morality : Utilitarianism (Bentham and Mill), Deontological Theories.
9. Virtue Ethics : Aristotle.
10. Human Rights and Discrimination.
11. Feminism : Liberal and Radical.
12. Environmental Ethics : Bio-centric ethics and Eco-centric ethics.
13. Theories of Punishment; Capital Punishment.
14. Terrorism and Just war.
15. Indian Ethics : Puruşârtha, Concept of Liberation, Anuvrata and Mahâvrata (Jainism), Brahmavihâra (Buddhism).
16. Proofs for the existence of God : Descartes, St. Anselm, Naiyâyikas.
17. Religion without God, Religion and Morality.
18. Religious Pluralism.
19. Nature of Religious Language : Cognitive and Non-cognitive, Analogical and Symbolic.
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