Syllabus for WBCS Chemistry Optional Paper [Code:15]
Paper – I :
Atomic structure : Quantum theory, Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle wave-particle duality, Schrodinger wave equation. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
Chemical Bonding : Characteristics of ionic compounds, Lattice Energy, Born Haber Cycle, Covalent bonding – characteristics of covalent compounds. VB theory – concept of resonance. M O theory (LCAO Method). M.O. diagram of homo and heteronuclear diatomics.
Gaseous State : Equation of state for real gases, Liquefaction of gases.
Thermodynamics : First, Second and Third Law, Entropy, Free energy, Criteria for equilibrium.
Electrochemistry : Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes, Debye-Huckel Limiting Law, Galvanic Cells, Concentration Cells; Measurement of emf. Liquid junction potential, lonic equilibria. pH and its measurement.
Chemical Kinetics : Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions. Determination of order. Consecutive, Opposing and chain reactions, Catalysis, General chemistry of d and f block elements. Lanthanide contraction.
Coordination Chemistry : Werner’s theory. Stereo-chemistry. Different types of isomerism. IUPAC nomenclature. Elementary Crystal Field theory – explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra.
Non-aqueous solvents : Reactions in liquid SO2 , NH3, and HF. Modern theories of acids and bases-HSAB principle.
Bio-inorganic Chemistry : Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transfer across the membranes-ionophores, photosynthesis-nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes, ferredoxins.
Paper – II :
Reaction Mechanism :
(a) General methods of study : Use of isotopes, Cross-over experiments, Intermediate trapping, Energy diagrams, Thermodynamic control and Kinetic control of reactions.
(b) Reaction intermediates : generation, geometry stability and reaction of carbonium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(c) Substitution reactions : SN1, SN2, SNi Mechanisms, Neighbouring group participation, Electrophilic Substitution.
(d) Elimination reaction : E1, E2 and E1cb mechanism. Orientation in E2 reaction, Saytzeff and Hoffmann rule.
(e) Nucleophilic and electrophilic addition reactions.
(f) Rearrangements : Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Bacyer-Villiger, Fries, Claiser and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
Chemistry and Mechanism of reactions : Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Perkin, Knoevanagel, Witting, Reimer-tiemann, Cannizzaro reactions, Stobbe, Benzoin and Acyloin condensation. Amino acid and Proteins.
Polymers :
(a) Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties. Average Molecular Weight-its determination.
(b) Preparation and properties of polymers, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, PVC, Nylon, Teflon, Terylene, Polyesters, Synthetic and natural rubber, inorganic polymers-phosphonitrilic halides, borazines, silicones, silicates.
(c) Bio-polymers : DNA and RNA
Synthetic uses of reagents : OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Liquid NH3-Na, CH3MgI, LiAlH4, NaBH4, n-Buli.
Environmental Chemistry : Chemical toxicology : Toxic chemicals in the environment, biochemical effects of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulphur dioxide, Ozone & PAN, Cyanide. Acid rain, Smog, Radioactive pollution, Effect of pesticides on atmosphere, industrial waste water treatment.
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