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To help solidify your understanding of this hour’s lesson, you are encouraged to answer the quiz questions and finish the exercises provided in the Workshop before you move to the next lesson. The answers and hints to the questions and exercises are given in Appendix E, “Answers to Questions and Exercises.”
Measuring Data Sizes
You may remember in Hour 4, “Data Types and Names in C,” I mentioned that each data type has its own size. Depending on the operating system and the C compiler you’re using, the size of a data type varies. For example, on most UNIX workstations, an integer is 32 bits long, while most C compilers only support 16-bit integers on a DOS-based machine.
What Does x?y:z Mean?
In C, ?: is called the conditional operator, which is the only operator that takes three operands. The general form of the conditional operator is
x ? y : z
Here x, y, and z are three operands. Among them, x contains the test condition, and y and z represent the final value of the expression. If x returns nonzero (that is, TRUE), y is chosen; otherwise, z is the result.
Using Shift Operators
There are two shift operators in C. The >> operator shifts the bits of an operand to the right; the
The general forms of the two shift operators are
x >> y
x
Here x is an operand that is going to be shifted. y contains the specified number of places to shift.
For instance, the 8 >> 2 expression tells the computer to shift 2 bits of the operand 8 to the right, which returns 2 in decimal. The following:
Manipulating Bits
In previous hours, you learned that computer data and files are made of bits (or bytes). There is even an operator in C_the sizeof operator_that can be used to measure the number of bytes for data types.
In this section, you’ll learn about a set of operators that enable you to access and manipulate specific bits.
Q Why do we need the sizeof operator?
A The sizeof operator can be used to measure the sizes of all data types defined in C. When you write a portable C program that needs to know the size of an integer variable, it’s a bad idea to hard-code the size as 16 or 32. The better way to tell the program the size of the variable is to use the sizeof operator, which returns the size of the integer variable at runtime.
Q What’s the difference between | and ||?
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