Class XI: Philosophy Syllabus (Full Marks 100)
Western Philosophy [50 Marks]
Nature of Philosophy:
(A general introduction)
Main branches of Philosophy:
Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logic, Ethics, Political Philosophy, Social Philosophy.
Nature of knowledge :
—The different uses of the verb 'to know'.
—Prepositional knowledge
—Necessary and sufficient conditions of prepositional knowledge
Theories of knowledge :
—Rationalism :
i) Moderate Rationalism, ii) Extreme Rationalism, iii) Main thesis of Rationalism—Evaluation of the theory.
—Empiricism :
i) Modern Empiricism, ii) Extreme Empiricism, iii) Main theses of Empiricism—Evaluation of the theory.
Substance:
—i) Commonsense notion of substance.
—ii) The different meetings of 'substance' given by Aristotle.
—The Rationalist view of substance : The views of (i) Descartes, (ii) Spinoza, (iii) Leibnitz—Evaluation.
—The empiricist view of substance : The views of (i) Locke, (ii) Berkeley, (iii) Hume—Evaluation.
Causality :
—Commonsense notion of causal relation.
—The rationalist view of causal relation : (i) The nature of the relation of entailment, (ii) Causal relation as the relation of entailment.
—The Empiricist view of causal relation : Hume's theory : (i) Denial of necessary connection between Cause and effect, (ii) Causality as constant conjunction and regular succession.
—(i) Evaluation of the Rationalist view of causal relation.
(ii) Evaluation of Hume's theory.
Realism:
—(i) Main theses of Realism,
(ii) Naive Realism—its main tenets Examination of the view.
—(i) Representative Realism—its main tenets—examination of the view.
Idealism :
(i) Main theses of Idealism.
(ii) Berkeley's Idealism—Esse est percipi—examination of the view.
Indian Philosophy [50 Marks]
Introduction:
Meaning of the term 'Dars'ana'.
(i) The different school of Indian Philosophy—the astikas and the nastikas.
(ii) Some basic concepts :
a) Pramana, b) Prameya, c) Prama ta, d) Prama, e) Moksa, f) Law of Karma and rebirth.
The Philosophy of Carvaka :
i) Carvaka epistemology : (a) Pratyaksa as the only pramana, (b) Refutation of anumana and s'abda pramana.
ii) Carvaka Metaphysics : Materialism—Four different physical elements accepted by the Ca rva kas. Svabhavavada, Yadrcchavada, Dehatmavada, Bhutacaitanyavada, Rejection of the doctrine of karma and rebirth. Rejection of God as the creator of the world—evaluation of Carvlka metaphysics.
Buddhism :
i) The main tenets of Buddhism :
a) Four noble truths, b) Pratityasamutpadavada c) Karmavada, d) Ksanikavada.
ii) Names of the four schools of Buddhism,
iii) Detailed account of the Vaibhasika school and the Santrantika school.
iv) The difference between the Vaibhasika school and the Santrantika school.
Nyaya Philosophy :
Section — A
(i) The different pramanas accepted by the Nyaya school, Definition of pratyaksa,
(ii) Introducing the different types of sannikarsa—laukika and alaukika sannikarsas. Detailed account of different types of laukika sannikar a.
(iii) Distinction in brief between savikalpaka pratyaksa and Nirvikalpaka pratyaksa.
Section—B Definition of anumiti, concepts of paksa, sadhya and hetu, Vyapti as Sahaca ra niyama, Nature of Vyapti, Vyaptigraha, Paramars'a,
Distinction between svatthanumiti and pararthanumiti,
Pancavayavavakya—the function of each avayava.
Vais 'es ika Philosophy :
Names of the categories accepted by the Vais'esika philosophies. The category of dravya and its different kinds, Perception of drabya, The category of Guna and its different kinds, Perception of colour, Perception of taste, Perception of smell, Perception of touch, Perception of sound.
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