Class XI: Physics Syllabus
PHYSICS CLASS - XI (Full Marks 100)
THEORY - 80
Mechanics and Properties ofMatter-I
1. Physical world and measurement:
Physics, Technology, Industry and Society. Units of measurement, systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units. Dimensions, checking of correctness of equation from the concept of dimensions.
2. Particle Dynamics :
Rest and. Motion : Reference frame; displacement, velocity and acceleration : Momentum; kinematical equations (In one dimension); Velocity-time, position-time graphs, elementary problems.
Scalars and Vectors : vectors in three dimensions, composition and resolution of vectors, rectangular components in 2 and 3 dimensions, unit vector, representation of vector by coordinates, addition and subtraction of vectors by geometrical and analytical methods, commutative and associative properties of vector addition, multiplication of vectors, scalar and vector products (two vectors only), relative velocity and acceleration. Projectile motion (inclined plane to be excluded).
Newton's laws of motion; inertial force; units of force; impulse and impulsive forces ;
Conservation of linear momentum, elastic collision of particles moving in the same line, jets and rockets; Friction : static and kinetic friction, coeff. of friction.
3. Statics:
Centre of mass,, centre of gravity, momentum conservation and centre of • mass motion; conditions of equilibrium of a system of forces. Moment of a force about a point and about an axis; couple, torque.
4. Work, Energy and Power:
Definition of work as a scalar product, relevant units, work done by and against a force, mechanical energy : kinetic and potential. Conservation of energy—the case of a freely falling body. Conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies), Potential, Non-conservative forces.
Mass-energy equivalence (qualitative idea only).
Power : - definition, units.
5. Elastic properties of matter:
Definitions, statements and explanation of the terms: stress, strain, elastic limit, Hooke's law, moduli of elasticity; Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, rigidity modulus, Poisson's ratio, principle of measurement of Y (no experimental details).
6. Hydrostatics & Fluid Mechanics:
Density and specific gravity (methods of determination not required). Condition of Floatation from Archimedes' principle. Pressure of fluids, pressure in a liquid, unit of pressure. Transmission of fluid pressure. Pascal's law, principle of multiplication of force, Hydraulic Press (principle only and problem, no descriptive details) Air pressure and its measurement, Torricelli's and Fortin's barometer, siphon. Surface energy and surface tension, Capilarity, Laminar and Turbulent flow, Coefficient of viscosity, Bernouli's Principle (no derivation) and its simple applications, Stokes' law and terminal velocity.
Heat and Thevmodynamics-l
1. Temperature:
Thermal equilibrium and temperature (Zeroth law of Thermodynamics).
2. Thermal expansion :
Thermal expansion of solids and liquids; simple demonstrations; coefficients of linear, superficial and cubical expansion of solids, their relations. Application of expansion of solids, (compensated pendulum and bimetallic strip only) real and apparent expansions of liquids, Relation between expansion coefficients, anomalous expansion of water, effect on marine life. Expansion of gas—volume and pressure co-efficient.
3. Calorimetry and change of state:
Preliminary definitions ; Principle of calorimetry (no questions on measurements to be set). Latent heat, brief discussion of determination, calorimetric problems. Effect of pressure on melting point and boiling point; Vapour pressure, Relative humidity. Difference between gas and vapour—critical temperature.
4. Transmission of heat:
Conduction of heat, thermal conductivity, thermometric conductivity, convection of heat, radiation, radiation as a form of energy. Black body, Kirchhoff's law (statement only), Newton's Law of cooling, Greenhouse effect and global warming.
Vibrations
Periodic motion: Oscillation and its characteristic, periodic time, frequency, amplitude, Simple Harmonic Motion, Relation between SHM and uniform circular motion. Differential equation of SHM and its solution. Displacement, velocity and acceleration in SHM. Energy in SHM; Time period, frequency, amplitude and phase. Graphical representation of SHM. Simple pendulum, time period of simple pendulum, Superposition of two SHMs of same frequency in the same direction (a) in phase and (b) in opposite phase. Graphical and analytical treatment. Free vibration, Damped vibration (qualitative discussion with example). Forced vibration ; resonance.
Geometrical Optics
1. Reflection at curved surface:
Definitions of centre of curvature,, pole, principal axis, principal focus, aperture, focal length of a spherical mirror, Mathematical relations between u, v, f and r. Formula for magnification.
2. Refraction of light:
Laws of refraction (statement, explanations with ray diagrams); definition of refractive index (relative and absolute); cases of refraction from denser to rarer and from rarer to denser media; real and apparent depth. Total internal reflection, critical angle, relationship between refractive index and critical angle, Transmission of light through optical fibre-brief principle only.
3. Prism :
Prism refracting surfaces, refracting angle, principal section, refraction through a prism, ray diagram showing deviation by a prism, [tex]D = {i_1} + {i_2} - A[/tex]. Idea of minimum deviation (Dm), experimental and graphical only. Relation [tex]m = {{\sin (A + {D_m})/2} \over {\sin (A/2)}}[/tex] assuming that for minimum deviation [tex]{i_1} = {i_2}[/tex] Thin prism, simple problems. Total refracting prisms and its application in periscope. Dispersion—as a phenomenon of breaking up of a composite light into different wave-lengths.
4. Thin lenses:
Thin lenses—Their construction. Basic definition—principal axis, principal foci, ray diagrams, showing image formation; Deduction of the lens formula for both convex and concave lenses, (any sign convention may be used consistently)
Different cases of image formation for both types of lenses. Power of lenses, definition only, correct location of images for extended objects at different positions by ray tracing method. Lens maker's formula (statement only)— simple problems. Two thin lenses in contact.
5. Optical Instruments and human eye:
Photographic Camera (elementary ideas) simple and compound microscopes. Astronomical telescope, binocular. (Simple construction as a combination of co-axial lenses and ray diagrams showing final image formation—not discussion on aberrations, resolving power etc. (Deduction of formula for magnification not needed). Human eye (defects and remedies only).
Current Electricity-1
1. Secondary Cell:
Distinction between primary and secondary cells. Lead acid accumulator: construction; its emf when fully charged. Ampere—hour.
2. Ohm's Law and resistance:
Flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm's Law; volt, ampere and ohm; resistance, resistivity, factors on which resistance of a'conductor depends, ' combination of resistance in series and parallel, equivalent resistance; shunt, internal resistance of cells, Kirchhoff 's laws—-illustration by simple applications. Wheatstone Bridge, relation between resistances of branches when the bridge is balanced. Its application to P.O. Box and metre bridge for the determination of unknown resistance. Potentiometer—principle and applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells.
Modern Physics-1
Atomic and Nuclear Physics:
Fundamental constituent of atoms and their properties, importance of number of protons in atom, principle constituents of nucleus, atomic number, isotopes, mass number. Radio activity: its discovery, alpha, beta and gamma rays and their principal properties. Radioactive decay law, graphical representation only without deduction, half-life and decay-constant. Radio isotopes, artificial transmutation of elements with simple illustration. Nuclear fission and fusion : chain reaction, nuclear reactor principle of operation. Thermo nuclear fussion as the source of energy in sun and stars.
PHYSICS PRACTICAL - 20M
Theory, Model, Accuracy :
1. To determine the volume of rectangular parallelopiped or a cylinder with the help of side callipers.
2. To determine the cross-section of a given wire by using a screw-gauge.
3. To determine the thickness of a given glass plate by using a spherometer.
4. To determine the volume and specific gravity of a given solid of irregular shape, heavier than and insoluble in water by hydro-static balance.
5. To determine the sp.gr. of a given liquid by the Hare's Apparatus.
6. To determine the sp. gr. of a given liquid by the sp. gr. Bottle.
7. To verify the laws of reflection of light by ray tracing with pins and to show that the object distance is equal to the image distance. (At least three different rays are to be taken and rays to be traced with pins).
8. To verify the laws of refraction of light (at least three different rays are to be taken).
9. To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by the method of coincidence.
10. To verify Ohm's law using ammeter and voltmeter.
11. To verify Hooke's law by drawing load-elongation curve.
N.B. At least 8 experiments to be performed by each student.
Laboratory Note Book
Viva Voce
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